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  <td> <!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><!WA0><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/logo-small.gif"></td>
  <td> <h2>Papers from Zeno Research</h2></td>
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<h4>Compressed Domain Transcoding of MPEG</h4>
<ul>
    <i>Brian C. Smith, Soam Acharya</i><br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    Current compression formats optimize for either compression or editing.
    For example, motion JPEG (MJPEG) provides excellent random and moderate
    overall compression, while MPEG optimizes for compression at the expense
    of random access. Converting from one format to another, a
    process called transcoding, is often desirable over the life of a
    video segment. In this paper, we show how to transcode MPEG video to
    motion-JPEG without fully decompressing the MPEG source. Our
    compressed domain transcoding technique differs from previous work
    because it uses a new technique that is optimized for software
    implementation and because we compare the performance of a working
    implementation of our compressed domain transcoder, instead of just
    counting the number of multiplies needed to transcode. Our
    experiments show that our compressed domain transcoder is 1.5
    to 3 times faster than an optimized spatial domain transcoder,
    and offers another benefit: a single parameter can improve the
    speed of transcoding at the expense of the quality of the
    resulting images. This speed/quality trade-off is important to
    many real-time applications.
    <br><br>
    <!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><!WA2><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><!WA3><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/tc.pdf">Acrobat </a> (280K)
    <!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><!WA4><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><!WA5><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/tc.ps.gz">Gzipped postscript </a> (281K)
     <br>
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<h4>CU-SeeMe VR: Immersive Desktop Teleconferencing</h4>
To appear in <i>ACM Multimedia '96</i>
<ul>
    <i>Jefferson Han, Brian C. Smith</i><br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    Current video-conferencing systems provide a
    <i>video-in-a-window</i> user interface. This paper
    presents a video-conferencing application called CU-SeeMe VR that
    provides a richer interface.  CU-SeeMe VR is a distributed
    video-conferencing system that allows users to connect to 3D worlds
    and interact with other using live video and audio embedded in a
    virtual space.  This paper describes a prototype implementation of
    CU-SeeMe VR, including the user interface, system architecture, and
    a detailed look at the enabling technologies.  Future directions
    and metaphors for this space are discussed.
    <br><br>
    <!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><!WA6><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><!WA7><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/Vr/vr.htm">HTML version</a>
    <br><br>
    <!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><!WA8><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><!WA9><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/Vr/vr.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (211K)
     <br>
 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Compressed Domain Processing of JPEG-encoded Images</h4>
To appear in <i>Real-Time Imaging Journal</i>
<ul>
    <i>Brian C. Smith, Lawrence A. Rowe</i>, July, 1996<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This paper addresses the problem of processing motion-JPEG video
    data in the compressed domain. The operations covered are those
    where a pixel in the output image is an arbitrary linear
    combination of pixels in the input image, which includes
    convolution, scaling, rotation, translation, morphing,
    de-interlacing, image composition, and transcoding. This paper
    further develops an approximation technique called condensation to
    improve performance and evaluates condensations in terms of
    processing speed and image quality. Using condensation, motion-JPEG
    video can be processed at near real-time rates on current
    generation workstations.
    <br><br>
    <!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><!WA10><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><!WA11><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/rtij96.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (931K)
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<hr>

<h4>Massively Distributed Video File Server Simulation: Investigating
Intelligent Caching Schemes</h4>
<ul>
    <i>Alexander Castro, C. Edward Lazzerini, Vivekananda Kolla</i>
    December, 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This paper, the final report in
    <!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><!WA12><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Courses/Fall-95/CS631">CS631</a>,
    a graduate multimedia systems course, presents the results of a
    simulation study that compares the effectivesness of different caching
    schemes within the DVFS architecture.
    <br><br>

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     <!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><!WA14><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/DVFS/EdAlex/EdAlex.html">HTML version</a>
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    <!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><!WA15><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><!WA16><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/DVFS/EdAlex/EdAlex.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (34K)
     <br>
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<hr>

<h4>A Survey of Compressed Domain Processing Techniques</h4>
<i>Reconnecting Science and Humanities in Digital Libraries,
   University of Kentuky</i>
<ul>
    <i>Brian C. Smith</i>, Oct 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This short paper surveys current techniques for compressing
    compressed multimedia data, including compressed audio, video, and
    images.
    <br><br>
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     <!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><!WA18><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/cdpsurvey/paper.html">HTML version</a>
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     <!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><!WA20><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/cdpsurvey/paper.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (160K)
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<hr>

<h4>A Resolution Independent Video Language</h4>
Presented at <!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><!WA21><a href="http://www.acm.org/sigmm/MM95">ACM Multimedia 95</a>.
<ul>
    <i>Jonathan Swartz, Brian C. Smith</i>,
    November, 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    As common as video processing is, programmers still implement video
    programs as manipulations of arrays of pixels. This paper presents a
    language extension called Rivl (pronounced "rival") where video is a
    first class data type. Programs in Rivl use high level operators that
    are independent of video resolution and format, increasing a program's
    portability, simplifying code reuse, and reducing development time.
    This paper also describes a Rivl interpreter and the strategies the
    interpreter uses to optimize Rivl programs. These optimizations include
    classical programming language optimizations, such as common
    subexpression elimination and out of order execution, image and video
    specific optimizations, such as computing only those images that will
    affect the output, and an optimized memory manager.
    <br><br>
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     <!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><!WA23><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Rivl/Rivl-mm95/mm-95.html">HTML version</a>
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     <!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><!WA25><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Rivl/Rivl-mm95.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (822K)
     <br>
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<hr>

<h4>Query By Humming -- Musical Information Retrieval in an Audio Database</h4>
Presented at <!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><!WA26><a href="http://www.acm.org/sigmm/MM95">ACM Multimedia 95</a>.
<ul>
    <i>Asif Ghias, Jonathan Logan, David Chamberlin, Brian C. Smith</i>,
    November, 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    The emergence of audio and video data types in databases will
    require new information retrieval methods adapted to the specific
    characteristics and needs of these data types. An effective and
    natural way of querying a musical audio database is by humming the
    tune of a song. In this paper, a system for querying an audio
    database by humming is described along with a scheme for
    representing the melodic information in a song as relative pitch
    changes. Relevant difficulties involved with tracking pitch are
    enumerated, along with the approach we followed, and the
    performance results of system indicating its effectiveness are
    presented.
    <br><br>
    <!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><!WA27><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><!WA28><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/query-by-humming.html">HTML version</a>
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     <!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><!WA30><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/query-by-humming.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (82K)
     <br>
 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Tcl-DP Name Server</h4> Presented at the
<!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><!WA31><a href="http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/tcl95/">
1995 Tcl/Tk Workshop</a>.
<ul>
    <i>Peter T. Liu, Brian Smith, Lawrence Rowe</i><br>
    July, 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This paper describes a general purpose name server for Tcl-DP. This
    name server maintains host addresses and port numbers of services
    running in a distributed en- vironment and allows clients to query
    about them. It starts services on demand so services are guaranteed
    to be available, and it provides a simple authentication protocol
    for better security. The Tcl-DP name server is also designed to be
    fault- tolerant. Multiple backup servers can be started on
    different hosts, and a failover occurs when the main server goes
    down. In addition, the name server provides mechanisms to interface
    with external modules for extending its functionality.
    <br><br>
    <!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><!WA32><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><!WA33><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Tcl-DP/tcl-dp-ns.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (90K)
     <br>
 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Tcl Distributed Programming</h4> Presented at the 1993 Tcl/Tk Workshop.
<ul>
    <i>Brian Smith, Lawrence A. Rowe, Stephen C. Yen</i>,
    May, 1993<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This paper describes Tcl-DP, an extension to Tcl/Tk
    that introduces a suite of commands for creating client/server systems.
    This extended abstract provides examples of using Tcl-DP, the Tcl-DP
    RPC abstraction, and the Tcl-DP distributed object system.
    <br><br>
    <!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><!WA34><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><!WA35><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Tcl-DP/tcl-dp.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (9K)
     <br>
 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Tcl-DP Tutorial</h4> Unpublished manuscript
<ul>
    <i>Brian Smith, Lawrence A. Rowe</i>, September, 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This document provides a tutorial introduction to Tcl-DP.
    <br><br>
    <!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><!WA36><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><!WA37><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Tcl-DP/Tutorial/tutorial.html">HTML version</a>
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     <!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><!WA39><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Tcl-DP/Tutorial/tutorial.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (105K)
     <br>
 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Rivl Tutorial</h4> Unpublished manuscript
<ul>
    <i>Brian Smith, Jon Swartz</i>, December 1995<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This document provides a tutorial introduction to Rivl.
    <br><br>
    <!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><!WA40><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><!WA41><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Rivl/Tutorial/tutorial.html">HTML version</a>
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     <!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><!WA43><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Rivl/Tutorial/tutorial.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (632K)
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 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Cyclic-UDP: A Priority-Driven Best-Effort Protocol</h4>
Unpublished manuscript
<ul>
    <i>Brian C. Smith</i>, May, 1994<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This paper describes <i>Cyclic-UDP</i>, a best-effort protocol for
    audio and video file servers.  Cyclic-UDP is the transmission protocol
    used in CMT, the Continuous Media Toolkit.
    <br><br>
    <!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><!WA44><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><!WA45><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/Papers/cudp.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (34K)
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 </ul>
<hr>

<h4>Experiments with a Lossless JPEG Codec</h4> Master's Report
<ul>
    <i>Kongji Huang</i>, May, 1994<br>
    <b>Abstract</b><br>
    This master's report describes a set of experiments conducted to
    test the effectiveness of the lossless JPEG encoding method.
    <br><br>
    <!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><!WA46><img src="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/images/redball.gif">
     <!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><!WA47><a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Projects/zeno/LosslessJPEG/lossless.pdf">Acrobat version</a> (712K)
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 </ul>

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